Urdu, Pakistani National Language

Urdu, is a Central Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to the Indo-European family of Language. It is one of the two official languages, the othe being English, as well as the National language, of Pakistan. It is also one of the 23 officiallanguages of India. Its vocabulary developed under Hindi, Persian, Arabic, Turkic and Sansikrit. In modern times Urdu vecabulary has been significantly influenced by Punjabi and even English. Urdu was mainly developed in western Uttar Pradesh, India, but began taking shape during the Delhi sultnate as well as Mughal Empire (1526- 1858) in the Indian subcontinent.

Language scholars independently categrize Urdu as a standrised register of Hindustani termed the standerd dialect Khariboli. The grammatical description in this article concern this standerd Urdu. In General, the term "Urdu" can encompass dialects of Hindustani other than the standrised versions. The original language of the Mughals had been Turkic, but after their arrival in south asia, they came to edopt Persian and later Urdu.

The word is believed to be derived from the Turkic or Mongolian word Ordo which means army encompment. It was initially called Zaban-e-Urdu-e-Mu'lla "language of the Exalted Camp" (in Persian) and later just Urdu. It obtained its name from Urdu Bazar, i.e encompment (Urdu in Turkic) market, the market near the road front in the walled city of Delhi.

Urdu is often contrasted with Hindi, another standrised form of Hindustani. The main differences between the two are that Standard Urdu is conventionally written in Nastaliq calligraphy style of the Perso-Arabic script and draws vocabulary more heavily from Persian and Arabic than Hindi, while standard Hindi is conventionally written in Devanagari and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit compratively more heavily. Most lenguestics nontheless consider Urdu and Hindi to be two standrised from of the same language; however, other calssify them separately due to sociolinguistic differences.